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Lola Greene Baldwin (1860–1957) of Portland, Oregon, was one of the first policewomen in the United States. In 1908, she was sworn in by the City of Portland as Superintendent of the Women's Auxiliary to the Police Department for the Protection of Girls (later renamed the Women's Protective Division), with the rank of detective. Baldwin grew up in Rochester, New York, and taught near there in the public schools. She relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she taught, then married. She, her husband, and their two sons later lived in several U.S. cities, where Baldwin engaged in volunteer social work related to unwed mothers and other young women in trouble. In 1904, when Baldwin was 44, the family moved to Portland, where Baldwin's husband continued his dry goods career. Women's groups such as the Travelers Aid Society, concerned that the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, scheduled for 1905 in Portland, posed a danger to single women working at the fair, hired Baldwin to supervise a project to protect girls and women. Success at the fair led to similar work thereafter and eventually to her hiring in 1908 as a police officer. Throughout her policing career, Baldwin stressed crime prevention and favored reform over incarceration. She promoted laws to protect women, advised other jurisdictions about women's law-enforcement issues, and demonstrated by example that women could be effective police officers. After her retirement from the police in 1922, she gave public lectures for the Oregon Social Hygiene Society and served on the board of the Hillcrest School of Oregon, the Oregon Parole Board, and the National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor. Baldwin, sometimes referred to as a "municipal mother", died in Portland in 1957 at the age of 97. ==Early life== Born Aurora "Lola" Greene in Elmira, New York, in 1860, Baldwin grew up largely in Rochester, where her family moved when she was quite young. Her parents, of Irish Protestant heritage, enrolled her in the city's Christ Church Episcopal School for Girls, and she later attended Rochester High School. Forced to withdraw from school and seek work when her father died in 1877, she finished her high school studies on her own and passed the New York State qualifying exam for teachers. She taught near Rochester until 1880, when she moved alone to Lincoln, Nebraska, a city that was seeking teachers. After passing the Nebraska qualifying exam, she taught for three years at Lincoln Preparatory High School. By 1884, she had met and married LeGrand M. Baldwin, a dry goods merchant originally from Vermont. As was expected then of single women teachers who married, Baldwin resigned her job at the high school. During her remaining years in Lincoln, she found paid clerical work, and she volunteered as a social worker focused on helping "wayward" girls. She also gave birth to two sons, Myron and Pierre. Leaving Lincoln in 1893, the Baldwins over the next 10 years lived variously in Boston, Yonkers, Norfolk, and Providence, while LeGrand pursued his dry goods career. He eventually joined the E.P. Charleton Company, which had a chain of more than 50 stores across the United States. In each city the family moved to, Baldwin continued her volunteer work, including serving on the boards of two Florence Crittenton Homes. They were part of a national network of rescue homes for "unfortunate lost girls",〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationalcrittenton.org/who-we-are/history/ )〕 which at the time meant rescued prostitutes and unwed mothers. In 1904, the Charleton Company sent LeGrand to Portland to open its first store in the Pacific Northwest. Baldwin worked in the store's business office and joined the board of the city's Florence Crittenton Home. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lola Baldwin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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